tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44060641405206473672024-03-05T18:45:55.971+08:00♚ iqmareffendy ♛owned by a peculiar kidiqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.comBlogger155125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-71919890011134433262021-02-11T02:21:00.003+08:002021-02-11T02:21:30.452+08:00INDUSTRIAL RELATION: TERMINOLOGY<p><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. JOB TITLE</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
job title is the name of the position you hold at your company, typically
associated with a specific set of tasks and responsibilities. A job title often
denotes a person's level of seniority within a company or department. Usually
it stated in an offer letter or resume.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. WAGES<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Wages
is defined as basic wages and all other payments due under contract of service.
It is excluded annual bonus, overtime payment, commission, subsistence
allowance and travelling allowances. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
increase in the minimum monthly wage under the 2020 Order to RM1,200 per month
in major cities in Malaysia was announced during the 2020 Malaysian Budget. In
addition, the 2020 Order increases the minimum monthly wage for the other parts
of the country by RM50 to RM1,100.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. NORMAL WORKING HOURS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Malaysian Employment Act defines the workweek as 48 hours. This provision was
made at the time when most employees in Malaysia work for 6 days a week, so,
they’re required to work only 8 hours a day maximum. There are special
restrictions, considered to be protection provisions, for women in the
industrial or agricultural sector.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4. RETIREMENT AGE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
retirement age is the age at which a person is expected or required to cease
work and is usually the age at which they may be entitled to receive
superannuation or other government benefits as example, pensions. The Minimum
Retirement Age Act 2012 (MRA Act) stating that the minimum retirement age of an
employee shall be the age of 60 years old. The MRA Act applies to all employers
and employees in the private sector throughout Malaysia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5. TRIPARTITE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tripartite
is recognized as a tripartite system and is made up of 3 groups and Ministry of
Human Resources act as a president. His role is to oversee the overall development
of discussion. This includes employers and their organizations, employees and
their unions and Government.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Role of employers and their organizations
are</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">to
negotiate and deal with trade unions of employees and to represent their
members in any trade dispute between an individual member and employee’s union.
The government as the legislator through parliament.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Their
role is to equip the unemployed with basic industrial skills and to improve the
skill level of the workforce and to assist in maximizing country’s manpower
resources through manpower planning.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6. MEF<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malaysian
Employers Federation (MEF) is the central organization of private sector
employers in Malaysia recognized nationally, regionally and internationally.
Established in 1959, MEF promotes and safeguards the rights and interests of
employers. MEF provides a forum for consultation and discussion among members
on matters of common interest, and seeks for the adoption of sound principles
and practices of human resource and industrial relations through information,
advice, research and information, training and other activities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7. OSHA<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is a US labor law governing the federal
law of occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal
government in the United States. Its main goal is to ensure that employers
provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as
exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat
or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8. ACCOUNT 2 OF EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT
FUND (EPF).<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
EPF is a compulsory savings scheme for employees so that they will have
sufficient funds in their post-retirement years. The first account, dubbed
"Account I", stores 70% of the members' monthly contribution, while
the second account, dubbed "Account II", stores 30%. Account I
restrict withdrawals to the moment the member reaches an age of 50 years, to boost
retirement fund by investment in unit trust, is incapacitated, leaves the
country or passes away. Withdrawal of savings from Account II however, is
permitted for down payments or loan settlements for a member's first house,
finances for education and medical expenses, investments, and the time when the
member reaches 55 years of age.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">9. TRADE UNIONS.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
legal definition of “Trade Union” in the Trade Unions Act has implications are
membership of a union is limited to workers working in Peninsular Malaysia, or Sabah
or Sarawak and Unions with membership from a variety of industries not
permitted. Other than that, the employers can form unions. The purposes of
Trade Union are to promote the economic, social and educational welfare of
their members and to protect the rights of their members at the workplace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Collective
bargaining is a process of negotiation between employers and a group of
employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions,
benefits, and other aspects of workers' compensation and rights for workers.
The interests of the employees are commonly presented by representatives of a
trade union to which the employees belong. The collective agreements reached by
these negotiations usually set out wage scales, working hours, training, health
and safety, overtime, grievance mechanisms, and rights to participate in
workplace or company affairs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-37868837841340634562021-02-11T02:12:00.006+08:002021-02-11T02:12:39.875+08:00CYBERSECURITY<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. FUTURE CYBER THREAT ASSESSMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
future of cybersecurity will be largely determined by what hackers will be
after. This will primarily be in two areas: Health and Wealth. More
specifically, this means private healthcare-related data and sensitive payment
information. Private health records can be worth a fortune. Credit card data
can be used for fraud or sold on the black market. Hackers will also take
advantage of the fact that companies increasingly rely on their supply chains
and will target popular third-party tools, suppliers and companies as a way to
breach as many targets as possible. Risk assessments can be performed on any
application, function, or process within your organization. But no organization
can realistically perform a risk assessment on everything. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To
defend against such cyberattacks, companies will need to use more effective
security solutions with innovative approaches. For instance, companies will
assess their cybersecurity as seen from the hacker’s point of view. The goal
will be to not only increase cyber resilience internally within their specific
company, but also across the company’s supply chain. Moreover, companies that
leave their resources open on the internet and fail to implement strong
authentication will be a target to opportunistic attacks. To effectively
protect their key assets companies must increase the visibility of security at
the board level and increase investment in security talent and technology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. CRYPTOGRAPHY<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cryptography</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
is a scientific concept where complex logic and mathematical equations are used
to generate robust encryption methods.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To keep this information
from falling into the wrong hands, they had to hide its meaning. This allowed
them the benefit of surprise, timing, and concealed maneuver. The earliest
forms of cryptography relied on codes, transposition, and substitution to
conceal their messages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. SEMANTIC CYBERATTACKS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semantic cyberattacks,</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
also known as social engineering, manipulate human users’ perceptions and
interpretations of computer-generated data in order to obtain valuable
information (such as passwords, financial details, and classified government
information) from the users through fraudulent means. Phishing is one of the
most popular semantic attacks in which hackers send an email hoping to collect
some information from the victim.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4. COMPUTER WORM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
computer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">worm</b> is a type of malware
that spreads copies of itself from computer to computer. A worm can replicate
itself without any human interaction, and it does not need to attach itself to
a software program in order to cause damage. Worms are often deployed as secret
agents. They collect and report information about your network to the hackers. Worms
can be transmitted via software vulnerabilities. Or computer worms could arrive
as attachments in spam emails or instant messages (IMs). Once opened, these
files could provide a link to a malicious website or automatically download the
computer worm. Once it’s installed, the worm silently goes to work and infects
the machine without the user’s knowledge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5. TROJAN HORSE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Trojan Horse</b> on the other hand is
something that looks harmless. Trojan horses can be sent using several methods,
including hackers cloning an email. A Trojan horse or Trojan is a type of
malware that is often disguised as legitimate software. Trojans can be employed
by cyber-thieves and hackers trying to gain access to users' systems. Users are
typically tricked by some form of social engineering into loading and executing
Trojans on their systems. Once activated, Trojans can enable cyber-criminals to
spy on you, steal your sensitive data, and gain backdoor access to your system.
These actions can include: deleting data, blocking data, modifying data, copying
data, disrupting the performance of computers or computer networks. Unlike
computer viruses and worms, Trojans are not able to self-replicate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6. WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION ACT 2010<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to Law of Malaysia Act 711 under <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Whistleblower
Protection Act 2010</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">improper
conduct</b> means any conduct which if proved, constitutes a disciplinary
offence or a criminal offence meanwhile <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">disciplinary
offence</b> means any action or omission which constitutes a breach of
discipline in a public body or private body as provided by law or in a code of
conduct, a code of ethics or circulars or a contract of employment, as the case
may be. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">This
act <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">provides protection to
whistleblowers</b> who voluntarily come forward to report or reveal information
on corruption activities. This Act also <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">encourages
the public from all sectors to disclose corruption related activities</b>. The
identity of the whistleblower and the information provided are kept
confidential from any party. Whistleblowers are also <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">given immunity</b> from any civil, criminal or disciplinary action due
to the revealing of the act of corruption.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
disclosure of improper conduct under subsection may also be made although the
person making the disclosure is not able to identify a particular person to
which the disclosure relates. Second, although the improper conduct has
occurred before the commencement of this Act in respect of information acquired
by him while he was an officer of a public body or an officer of a private body;
or of any improper conduct of a person while that person was an officer of a
public body or an officer of a private body.</span></p><p></p>iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-21340797605074091342021-02-11T02:03:00.002+08:002021-02-11T02:03:11.439+08:00PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE (PLC)<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">What
is Product Life Cycle? <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
product life cycle refers to the length of time a product is placed on the
market for consumers until it is removed from the shelves. The product life
cycle is broken down into four stages—introduction, growth, maturity, and
decline. This concept is used by management and marketing professionals as a
factor in deciding whether to increase advertising, reduce prices, expand to
new markets or redesign packaging.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">List the 4 (FOUR) stages of PLC.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Introduction</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">:
This step usually involves a significant investment in ads and a marketing
campaign aimed at making customers aware of the product and its benefits.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Growth</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">:
If the product is successful, it will move to the stage of growth. This is
characterized by increased demand, increased production and increased
availability.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Maturity</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">:
This is the most profitable stage, while production and marketing costs are
declining.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Decline</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">:
A product takes on increased competition as other companies emulate its
success—sometimes with price increases or lower prices. The product may lose
its market share and begin to decline.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><p></p>iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-90263608674276628602021-02-11T01:58:00.000+08:002021-02-11T01:58:04.190+08:00ADVERTISING AND SALES PROMOTION <p><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Media
fragmentation and digital technology have had an impact on the advertising
industry in recent years. How do you feel this will impact on advertising
campaigns over the next 10 years?</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Media fragmentation describes the
pattern of increasing the preference and consumption of a variety of media on
various platforms, such as web and telephone, even on channels such as more TV
channels, radio stations, magazines and more websites. Fragmentation of the
media means increased difficulty in targeting target audiences. The word
"digital technology" is a very broad term, and given that almost all
today relies on computers in one way or another, it encompasses a lot of
things.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my opinion, while fragmentation may be good
for the media consumer in terms of increasing choice, for media owners and
advertisers, the increased supply brings much challenge. For media owners, such
a challenge means limited capital in terms of both declining viewers and
advertisement revenues. Audiences are restricted to media outlets for two
reasons: (1) because of the rate of growth in media options for marketers, the
total number of potential media viewers remains stable, and (2) the increase in
available broadcast hours (due to expanded channels) is disproportionate to the
increase in available viewing hours. Media fragmentation and digital technology
can impact the advertising company to saves their budget and focus on suitable
people to become their ambassador. In the future, the ambassador for brands and
products going to be the influencer in media social platform such as Tiktok and
Instagram because the wide audience and features to make a live session. Other
than that, physical campaigns will be abolish and will be replace with online
campaigns.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
are the similarities and difference between advertising and sales promotion? </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Advertising and
sales promotion are two of the main components of a company, but they are
distinct concepts that people sometimes confuse. Advertising campaigns are
undertaken to create the reputation of the brand, and the effects become
evident as time passes. Sales deals are much more urgent and concentrate on
bringing money into the company bank account right now.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sales promotion is
constantly being used to fulfil an ever-expanding list of marketing goals. The
marketing goals and strategies of the business affect the production of sales
promotion objectives and strategies. Like ads, propaganda is skewed in favor of
what is being advertised. Generally, we come across political propaganda, and
recognize it as such, based on our own understanding of who is right.
Propaganda should prevent prejudice when supporting intellectual, environmental
and sociological aspects.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 3.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why
are loyalty programs supposed to be effective? </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Loyalty
initiatives serve a dual function: to enable new clients to hang around after
buying their products and services, and to ensure that current loyal clients
still feel as if they are respected by your operation. Of course, by setting up
a loyalty program, not only do you boost the consumer appreciation of your
company, but you also increase the likelihood that current clients will share
that joy with others close to them. The more a customer feels like a business,
the more likely he or she is to help the company and recommend it to others.
This, in turn, continues to be of a word-of-mouth cyclical nature that
continues to develop for your company.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">By
providing a loyalty rewards program, you are undertaking a method of research
that will provide you with similar customer information. Through trial and
error, you will begin to see the kinds of benefits that drive your clients'
desires and rewards that do not yield the same results. This helps you to hone
up to the unique incentives that are most valued. Using this information, you
can also apply the most sought-after incentives to particular items that you
are most interested in sharing with your clients.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">As
example, Watson have a loyalty program where required the customer to purchase
the Watson card and only pay once in a lifetime. This loyalty program give
benefit to both parties and keep the customer to loyal with the company and
improve the company to serve better for the customer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-45503789672883334282019-05-30T05:32:00.002+08:002019-05-30T05:32:54.036+08:00HOW TECHNOLOGY KILLING PRIVACY<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">John
Alexander (2015)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Privacy
concerns seem to come up daily in the news these days, whether it be government
spying through the NSA or people willingly giving information about themselves
away on social media. It seems as if no one has any privacy anymore. As actor
Will Smith said in a recent interview on the show ‘Vecherniy Urgant’, “I was
very dumb when I was 14. See, no Twitter, no Facebook when I was 14. So I was
dumb, but I was dumb in private.” His view is a common one – that people,
especially young people, are being exposed to privacy risks through their use
of technology. Willingly given or not the formerly private information of the
populace is being stored, tracked, and sold to buyers for both legal and
illegal use. Though there are many stories in the news about privacy concerns
the general public doesn’t seem to be worried, or are perhaps too ill-informed
to be worried. Is this problem truly nothing to be concerned about, or is the
lack of concern letting this problem spiral out of control?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Defining
Privacy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
best place to start is with a definition of privacy in the context of
technology. The best way to describe privacy in this context is in terms of
“restricted access/limited control” (Tavani and Moor 2001). Restricted access
means that there is a form of privacy where some people are allowed access and
others are not, so a person can stop others from viewing their information if
they so choose. It is reasonable to expect the same amount of privacy in these
situations that one would have if not using technology. To ensure control over
their personal data, individuals need to have what is called limited control
over their personal data so that they can ensure restricted access. This can be
as simple as being able to toggle privacy settings on a Facebook page. The
reason this definition is important is because there has always been a tradeoff
between a loss of privacy and a perceived benefit or convenience. If a person
doesn’t<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>have ownership of their privacy,
they don’t have anything to trade within this scenario.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">However,
when using a website, the ‘control’ a user may feel they have may just be an
illusion. Even with all of the privacy settings turned on, there is no
guarantee that Facebook isn’t going to use your data. From both the side of the
consumer and the companies that want the consumer information, there is a
cost-benefit analysis to be done. Every time a person decides to join a new
social network, they have decided that they are willing to hand over certain
personal information about themselves so they can easily stay connected with
their friends and family. They pay the cost of handing over some personal
information for what they see as the benefit of being in touch with their
friends and family (Ng-Kruelle 2002). A cost benefit like this is totally up to
the individual – a person that is very concerned with their personal privacy may
not think this tradeoff is worth it and because of this may abstain from
creating a Facebook profile.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Who
is Taking Our Information?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
are a number of different groups looking to gather information on people,
because information can lead to knowledge and knowledge is power. Luckily for
the people looking for information, the Internet makes it easy to gather a
large amount of information quickly. WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange described
the Internet as the “greatest spying machine the world has ever seen” (Kingsley
2011). It is easy to see why he thinks that this is the case. Some of the
organizations looking to collect user data are Facebook, Google, and the
National Security Administration of the United States.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
National Security Administration (NSA) is an organization that has roots in
code breaking in World War I and World War II, but has grown into one of the
largest government organizations in terms of staff and funding. There are
estimates that say that the NSA has nearly 40,000 employees and an estimated
budget of $11 billion, though it is probably more than that (Verble 2014).
Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the NSA was discreetly authorized to spy
on American citizens without a warrant to do so, which has stirred up quite a
bit of controversy. Though the NSA seems to continuously get surveillance
powers stripped and then later secretly given back, it seems that the NSA
continues to spy on people both domestically and abroad without any public
uproar. However, the NSA has been caught spying on foreign leaders – including
those that are supposed to be our allies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Two
other major players – Google and Facebook – have similar tactics and similar
goals. Both companies provide a number of services to users free of charge,
because their primary source of revenue is selling user information to
advertisers. These companies have the capability to track user traffic and are
essentially giant databases filled with user information that can be mined and
sold for a profit. While Google and Facebook aren’t the only websites that do
this, they are two of the major players that come up when user privacy is
discussed. Just to check how much Google knows about you, you can check your
‘Google Ads’ settings where they use the data they have collected on you to
guess your age, gender, and interests. This is the information that Google uses
to tailor ads to everyone that uses their services.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Should
we be Worried?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
increase in information gathering, with or without the knowledge and consent of
the people whose information is being gathered, is definitely cause for alarm.
However, different demographics of people have varying levels of concern when
it comes to information privacy. Younger people, for example, are less likely
to be concerned about Internet privacy than their older counterparts, even
though they are more likely to know that their information is being collected
and tracked. Females are more likely to be concerned with Internet privacy than
males, and people with more education are less likely to be concerned (Zukowski
2007).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interestingly,
the more familiar with the Internet the person seems to be, the more
comfortable they seem to be with their personal data being collected. The issue
with user data collection is the risk of misuse, and what different
people/companies view as proper use of personal information. For example,
insurance companies have been mining for client data to look for possible
health risks, and have been accused of changing client rates based on the data
they have mined. This is different than a client disclosing their own health
risks as the information gathered by the insurance company may be inaccurate,
and may lead to clients being overcharged for their insurance. Another
situation of a company overreaching is when Target revealed a pregnancy of a
teenaged girl to her father when they sent a “congratulations” to her home
after noticing that she recently bought larger handbags, tissues, and headache
pills. While marketers clearly thought that it was an acceptable marketing ploy,
many people saw it as a clear invasion of privacy and an abuse of data mining
(Virani 2015).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Something
to consider when you think of your privacy when using the Internet is how these
companies like Facebook make money – essentially by selling “you”. In fact,
Facebook has been caught showing false endorsements from a user’s friends for
products they have been paid to advertise, and don’t tell you when they do so
(Virani 2015). What happens in these situations is that an ad will appear on
user A’s Facebook, claiming that user B recommends a product to them, when in
reality user B has probably never used the product being endorsed by “them” and
has no idea that their name is being used to advertise a product.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Facebook
builds an unnervingly accurate model of who you are as a person by reading your
statuses, private messages, and likes. Facebook can also track you on any page
that has a plug-in ‘like this on Facebook’ button, following you around the web
outside of Facebook to gather more data on you. All of this data is being
collected on users, and Facebook is just one of the many companies collecting
data. This is scary, because these companies make money by selling user data,
and the laws can’t keep up with the technology when it comes to the Internet.
Users have no idea what the companies collecting data are going to do with it.
It is hard to stop them from doing anything because there are few laws, if any,
to prevent the collection and sale of user data. The fact that companies are
making money from your personal information, and that there are very few
limitations to what they can do with that information, should be very
concerning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In many cases the only thing holding these
companies back is the bad PR they<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>would
get if they got found doing something that many would consider to be unethical.
Many companies are already doing unethical things (or have the potential to do
unethical things) hidden away in long terms of use agreements that no regular
user reads. Unless something changes or something is done to stop it, the whole
situation could easily spiral out of control and become a much bigger issue
than it already is. However, there would have to be a massive push for the
protection of privacy from average citizens for any changes to occur. The
companies won’t back off unless people protest, and the government won’t make
any laws regarding privacy unless the citizens demand it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Source: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1430&context=honorsprojects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alexander, John,
"How Technology is Killing Privacy" (2015). Honors Projects. 397.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/honorsprojects/397<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-36211674361282425562019-05-29T20:07:00.001+08:002019-05-29T20:07:48.549+08:00DEVELOPMENT OF 8TV AND NTV7<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
DEVELOPMENT OF 8TV<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. 2008 - Private television station 8TV and Chinese radio station Redi
98.8 FM have joined forces to provide faster and better Mandarin news coverage</b>
since Monday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
2. The news teams from 8TV and Redi
98.8 FM will be exchanging and sharing news sources for more competitive
delivery to the Chinese community</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
3. The media firm who owns
free-to-air (FTA) television channels
TV3, ntv7, 8TV and Channel 9 as well as film production and distributor
Primeworks Studios Sdn Bhd among others, is looking for more cross-border
collaboration, especially within the Asia region where viewers are more
receptive of Asian values and respective uniqueness</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
4. <b>2014 - Railworld Japan, is a collaboration between Primeworks and 8TV with
Nippon Television (Nippon TV) and Sumitomo Corporation (Sumitomo Corp)</b>, is
currently in production stage while the variety-game series Wasabi, a
collaboration between Primeworks and ntv7 with Tokyo Broadcasting Systems (TBS)
is slated to begin shooting later this year.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
5. Airin Zainul, group general
manager of both ntv7 and 8TV are in the opinion <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">that international entities especially from the Asia, are attracted to
Malaysia because of the country’s economic prosperity</b>, which means
investing in Malaysia is a less risky exercise than most.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
6. “China is taking over the world
economically and we want to be part of that. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ntv7 and 8TV collectively hold the lion’s share of Chinese viewership
in this country with 44 per cent</b>. It’s only logical to collaborate with China
to deliver the best for our viewers,”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
DEVELOPMENT OF NTV7<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1. August 2005 - Taking advantage of the auspicious day when Malaysians
celebrate the nation’s Independence Day, ntv7 and YTL Land Sdn Bhd today
announced an exciting new partnership</b> that marks a significant milestone in
Malaysia’s broadcasting industry – the launch of Studio In The City (SITC) <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
2. With the SITC, ntv7 will be able
to tap on Starhill Gallery as the gallery of rich experiences to facilitate
better coverage of international fashion, art, beauty, food and living in the
heart of Kuala Lumpur city, and enjoy a prime location where interviews with
high profile guests and on-site live reports can be conducted.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
3. This project brings together two
of the most prominent conglomerates in Malaysia – ntv7, the pioneer in content
creating and a media brand specialist, and YTL Corporation, one of the nation’s
largest integrated infrastructure groups with businesses in the property and
hospitality sector.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
4. From <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">March 5 2018, the channel’s Chinese content will be moved to 8TV</b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
MPTN chief executive Johan Ishak
said the changes would affect all four of its television stations, including
“The Feel Good” channel.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
5. While TV3 will remain a channel
for the mass audience, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ntv7 will be
targeted to the modern mass audience<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
6. The rebranding of ntv7 and other
changes are part of efforts to customise our content offerings to meet the
ever-changing preferences of consumers.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
7. He said <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">8TV would offer fully Chinese vernacular content since it had a strong
following in the Chinese 4+ demographics</b> (audience share of 26.7 per cent).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
8. With the new year, couch potatoes
will get to sample some delightful new shows on TV. With ten years of
experience, Ntv7 leads the free-to-air television viewing with its selection of
high quality series.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-48599498863389005922019-05-29T18:44:00.003+08:002019-05-29T18:44:34.715+08:00THE INTERNET, WEB AUDIO, WEB VIDEO<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">The
Internet, Web Audio and Web Video</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Why internet is very
important in broadcasting industry and what’s the impact of internet towards
Audio and Video?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In
my opinion, the television business has changed from provider-driven to
consumer-driven. For broadcasters and operators – who used to decide whether
content lived or died — the internet has proven to be a most disruptive
development, looming menacingly over their profit stream. The internet is
changing the TV business forever. Social television is a consequence of the
convergence of TV and internet. Twitter, Facebook, and a growing list of tablet
applications, allow ratings, checking-in and instantaneous communication
between viewers, actors and characters. Soon applications will allow the
sharing of snippets of programming. These are all builders of brand and
programme loyalty. According to Kamleitner (2016), connected TVs are becoming
mainstream now, with 50% of the TV market now shipping with an Internet connection
(typically Wi-Fi). Additionally, tens of millions of media players have been
shipped and connected to Internet-enabled traditional TVs, mostly from Apple
(Apple TV), Amazon (Fire), and Google (Chromecast). In this context, other
service providers such as cable companies are also set to provide
Internet-related content in addition to their current programs through platforms
from companies like aiotv. Being connected represents the key to any Smart TV.
Given that supporting Ethernet or Wi-Fi networking (or both) opens up a whole
range of possibilities, the TV can now connect to the home network, thus
enabling access to everything that’s stored on the home PC (photos, movies,
music, etc). The TV can also connect to the Internet to deliver popular over-the-top
(OTT) services to audiences.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2. List down the Type
of Online Radio Station and the Type of Online Video. (Give points and explain
with examples)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Online
Radio Station<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chart Shows</b>: Chart shows are a classic program type that we can add
as our<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>favourite list. Music chart shows
are a countdown of the top-rated songs for the week or the month. We can create
a chart of our own based on audience opinion and listener demand. As an example
for chart shows is Carta Era or Carta Hits 20.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Live Shows</b>: Live online radio programs are broadcast in real time.
There are plenty of options when it comes to live shows such as talk session,
an interview or live-event coverage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Broadcasting live is a fantastic way to engage your listeners in
real-time events, by taking live calls, and allowing shout-outs. For an
example, Hot FM radio station<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>has a
segment where they invite actor or actress to live while they are on air. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Online
Video<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Viral Video</b>: This type of video happens when it gets massive
support and feedback from the public. For example, the ‘Flip Bottle’ challenge
and the ‘Is it because I am Chinese’ video.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Corporate video</b>: is for the purposes of training and orientation,
sales, and marketing public relations. From there they can advertise their own
products and do sales and marketing to achieve their target audience. For
example McDonald video corporate advertisement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Testimonial Video</b>: The content of this type of video is basically a
review of certain products a company wants to promote and advertise to the
public. For example, Johanis Sani on YouTube make videos of the products she
use and like.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-87047738985539337252018-12-24T23:28:00.001+08:002018-12-24T23:28:14.393+08:00ESSAY: RIGHTS OF THE BULLY<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nowadays,
when people hear about bully cases they will fully blame it on the bullies but
do they know what is actually happening especially from the bullies?</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">We
agree that the bullies should get the same attention as the victim in term of
justice, safety and psychological treatment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MAIN
POINT 1: JUSTICE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Investigate<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to Lynn Zammit (2012), the Ministry of Educations should make the schools act
for the bullies who are still students. This way they can investigate whether
the bullies is convicted or not. By having this act, they can defend themselves
because they also have the rights to defend themselves as well as the victims. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fairness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to Lynn Zammit (2012), by being fair can soften the bullies’ heart to be nice
and easier for them to listen advices. If they were given punishment without
fairness, the feeling of grudge and revenge will exist in them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MAIN
POINT 2: SAFETY <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Human
Rights <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Human
rights are to get protected regardless of whether he is a criminal or criminal
victim. According to Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 3,
"Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person". We
all have the right to live in freedom and safety. No one should be arbitrarily
killed, or deprived of their liberty without good reason. For example in 2017
reported by Bernama, the mother of a bullying victim at an MRSM school has
agreed to terminate the ten bully convicted of her child's bully. This has
endangered the safety and future of bully. People will beat this bully and
potentially be harmed by the public for their actions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Information
Privacy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
addition, the media should protect personal information about the bully from
society. This affects their name and safety. According to Lord Justice Leveson,
UK (2017), the names or identifying details of those who are arrested or
suspected of a crime should not be released to the press nor the public. As
example, has been stated at an article from The Korean Herald webpage, South
Korean law and media convention in many cases protect the identities of
criminal suspects. In accordance with the criminal code and Korean National
Police Agency guidelines, it is typical for a suspect’s face to be covered and
for only their surname to be used when they appear in the media. This is to
ensure the safety of bullets is guaranteed any possibility.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MAIN
POINT 3: PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Recovery
Session<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Frequent
therapy bullies according to the Lohmann (2013) One of the most effective
therapies in addressing the emotional distress caused by bullying is Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy (CBT).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bullying has
been correlated with anxiety, depression, poor self-image, substance abuse and
suicide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CBT is the most widely
acclaimed, trusted and research-supported treatment method for these
issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CBT teaches individuals to
better understand their thoughts and feelings in relation to the situation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Psychiatrist
Expert<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">When
bullies and victims go to see Psychiatrist expert. They will help the bullies
and victims to manage complex emotions of anger, guilt, anxiety, sadness, or
shame and mend deep wellsprings of psychological hurt stated by Courtny 2018.
Besides, the psychiatrist know the best way to treat them and can break the the
victimization cycle of learned helplessness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Free
Psychotherapy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ministry
of education need to give free psychotherapy to the bullies to help them to fix
their attitude and make them reflex on what they do toward the victims. For
example, according Rebecca 2017, the deputy education ministry Datuk P
Kamalanathan colloborate with other agencies through “pembibimbing rakan sebaya
“ programme to combat bullying through the visionary programmes (program remaja
berwawasan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
conclusion, the bullies should get the same attention as the victim in term of
justice, safety and psychological treatment. People should understand the
bullies same like the victims.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-84962998571205337922018-12-24T23:13:00.000+08:002018-12-24T23:13:34.553+08:00EVALUATIVE COMMENTARY 6 - STAY-AT-HOME MOTHERS<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.0 INTRODUCTION</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The article illustrates
the importance of stay-at-home mothers in order help to improve the society.
The author is optimistic and advocates its important because only the
stay-at-home mother can educate a child well and be able to contribute to
society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.0 EVALUATION<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Main Point: A mother’s
love towards their children is irreplaceable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Supporting detail: A
mother’s care is precious and incomparable to others because she know what is
best for her child.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Evidence: Statistics
shows that 80% of parents trust that stay-at-home mothers are the best in
providing affection and attention to their children thus, making the children
totally safe in their environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Main Point: The decline
of stay-at-home mothers these days affects the family unit and society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Supporting detail:
Absence of mothers from home has made them unable to provide these ethical
standards in their children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Evidence: This has
created a generation who see social morals and values are no longer necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Main Point: Lack of
mother’s affection can lead to aggression towards children in day care.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Supporting detail: This
is because of the regulated strict rules which prevent disciplining children the
way a mother can do at home.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Evidence: A study
stated that children that are sent to day care centers tend to get involved in
a lot of fights, develop explosive behaviors and demand more attention.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.0 PERSONAL
VIEW/ OPINION<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We partially agree with
the author that stay-at-home mothers is important to be restored so that they
can help to improve the society because one of the greatest accomplishment in
life is being a stay-at-home mother to teach and model good behavior and moral
strength. However, We think that a mother also has the right to work. This is
because they also study at universities and other institutions, why need to
waste knowledge that has been learned by simply becoming a housewife and
educating the child on morals alone. According to Debate.org (2016), they are
more respected and deserve that respect more than a house wife House wife's are
also respected but up to a certain level, like once the kids are in full time
education there is no reason for her not to get a job unless she got to so used
to being at home and not in the workforce and can't be bothered to work as it's
more stressful and boring.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.0 CONCLUSION<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In conclusion, we
reaffirm our stand that stay-at-home mothers are important and is a must in
order to raise their children. Nonetheless, we strongly believe that the way a
child is treated affects their growth in their life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br /><br />
iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-59086272987325440332018-12-24T23:05:00.001+08:002018-12-24T23:05:37.150+08:00ESSAY: THE RISKS OF SOCIAL MEDIA<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">There is no doubt social media has
made the world a more connected place, but all those connections also create
unprecedented access to people’s information. Back in 2012, Facebook said that
around 8.7% of the accounts on their platform were fake, which, at that time,
equated to around 83 million accounts. Social networking can be great
experience for us but also has clear risk. Social media is harmful because it
invades people’s privacy, causes addiction and affects social skills.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Invasion of privacy is a serious
issue concerning the Internet. It occurs when individuals cannot maintain a
substantial degree of control over their personal information and it’s usage.
The more personal and professional information you include on your public
profile, the easier it is for a hacker to exploit that information to gain your
trust. Hackers can use your information to pose as someone else.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The number of human who are addicted
to social media is increasing. They spent ample hours of looking at other
people’s life when they could be doing other productive activity. When they are
addicted to people’s life, they tend to become more competitive as they like to
compare their lifestyle with other people that they saw on social media. This
will lead into a negative addiction and it is not intellectual at all. People
should be more infatuated with reading informational articles on the internet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apart from privacy invasion and
addiction, poor social skills has also undoubtedly become one of the inevitable
contributing risks of social media. Once they become totally absorbed in
playing social media, they will give their utmost focus on it and have little
time to make interactions with real friends. Hence, they prefer to stay in the
shadows and be alone. This has truly become a setback for them and that they
should be given extra attention in order to eliminate this risk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In conclusion, social media risks
people’s privacy, cause addiction and results to poor social skills. There
should be restrictions for certain people to access social media. This action
will prevent people from watching inappropriate videos such as those that
contain violence and sexual contents. Therefore, people will not be exposed to
improper contents that lead to bad behavior.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- by The GoldenFive</span></div>
<br />iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-59492146923200495492018-12-24T23:00:00.001+08:002018-12-24T23:01:04.603+08:00EVALUATIVE COMMENTARY 5 - SMOKE-FREE HOMES<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">SMOKE-FREE HOMES AND
ATTITUDES TOWARDS BANNING SMOKING IN VEHICLES CARRYING CHILDREN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
article wants us to study the engagement of population in Spain in determining
the places where smoking should be banned. The author’s tone is curious to find
out which places has the highest vote where smoking should be banned. Smoking
has inevitably been a concern of governments around the globe considering how
to manage and educate smokers. Even medical studies already show and explain to
public that smoking deliver damage to people around the smokers, yet smokers
are too stubborn to acknowledge that. There are few places that we can make
smoking be prohibited such as smoking at home, smoking in an open area like
elevated walkways, and smoking in the vehicle with the presence of children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Firstly, according to the author, in
Spain, there are more than half of all households have adopted a complete ban
on smoking at home. As we know, smoker may have their favourite place to have a
smoke and it depends on what the most discrete. We believe that having a good
spot and position to have a smoke can give them comfort. It could be anywhere
in home such as on a sofa, garage, and basement or even in the bathroom. The
exact spot where they want to smoke probably depends on few factors such as how
nosy their neighbours are or just how lazy the smoker tends to be. Smoker
always thinks that smoking in peace gives them satisfaction. If people try to
disturb them while smoking, they tend to express anger because it makes them
feel like being discriminated by their bad habit. Furthermore, when smokers are
in their comfort zone, there will be an increasing rate in smoking cigarette
because they want to feel the pleasure more. This action surely increases the
risk of the people of the surrounding to be affected as a second hand smoker.
Even worse, the people whom might get affected are their own family members.
This action is very inappropriate as it could harm the household. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Next,
in Spain, smoking in cars is currently unregulated but the study shows that 90%
of the population supports smoke free-laws in cars in the presence of children.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "advot596495f2" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">These results</span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "advot596495f2" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">are relevant given
that private settings such as vehicles</span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "advot596495f2" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">are the largest source of second-hand smok</span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e
exposure by many people. Smoking while driving has been widely recognized as
the most common cause of distraction while driving, yet, they still continue
doing the same thing. <span style="background: white;">Adults should know that
children are more vulnerable to the effects of the second-hand smoke. </span>Even
being in a car with a smoker for short amounts of time can be bad for
children’s health. Winding down the car window is not enough to stop tobacco
smoke affecting children.</span><span lang="EN-MY"> </span><span lang="EN-MY" style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their developing body
is more susceptible to the toxins in cigarette smoke, and over time exposure
may lead to respiratory problems, asthma and other illnesses. It can even
increase an infant’s risk of sudden infant death syndrome. </span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Therefore,<span style="background: white;"> smoke-free in public vehicles legislation has
been introduced in Spain. The purpose of this legislation is to protect
children from the harm to their health caused by the exposure to second hand
smoke in vehicles.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Furthermore,
like other countries, smoking is prohibited in open areas such as elevated
walkways, buildings but not limited to hallways, stairways, decks, and patios.</span><span lang="EN-MY" style="background: white; color: #555555; font-family: "helvetica" , "sans-serif"; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spanish
smoking legislation, Law42/2010, by Gobierno de España, which came into force
in Spain in January 2011, prohibits smoking in common enclosed areas of
building but leaves it to the community to decide to prohibit smoking in open
spaces not designated as children’s areas. <span style="background: white; letter-spacing: .15pt;">The study of second-hand smoke exposure after two smoking
bans in Spain showed that overall exposure can be decreased across all settings
by comprehensive legislative efforts.</span> <span style="background: white;">Thus,
by providing smoke-free </span>buildings from the outset, people can avoid
problems like exposing themselves to smokers. In the meantime, by providing
smoke-free buildings from the outset, people can also avoid cleaning walls and
windows streaked with tar and replacing carpet. This is because, some of the
irresponsible smokers tend to vandalise the areas with throwing ignited
cigarette butt everywhere and this might defect the carpet inside a building or
office and tar- streaked walls will be everywhere.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">We
are agreeing to the idea of banning smoking in Spain. Smokers tend to smoke
every corner in the house where they do not feel comfortable to smoke but
little did they know most people do not comfortable with such attitudes and
agreed to completely ban smoking at home. The desire to smoke is unbearable as
the smokers have the guts to smoke while driving. Much more worst is when there
are children who breathe in as a second hand smoker. Smokers have the
privileged to smoke in open areas but it is better to be restricted so that
problem such as cleaning walls and replacing carpet due to tars can be
eliminated. We personally think that forbidding such dangerous activity will be
much beneficial that it can prevent others from having a vulnerable respiratory
system</span><span lang="EN-MY" style="background: white; color: #555555; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">. </span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">At the same time,
we are partially disagreeing to banning this issue. People should be given the
freedom to do anything that is a consequence only to them. Smoking directly
affects the comfort, and more importantly, the well-being of everyone else
unfortunate enough to be around. It should therefore be restricted to the
confines of smokers’ own homes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
a nutshell, smoking should really be banned in the house, driving with the
children on board and in the open areas because it do more harms to the
surrounding than do good to pleasure the smokers. Spain is on the right track
on banning such a bad habit of their people just to promote a healthy lifestyle
and towards a better country. Relating to Malaysia, we should enforce the law
to ban smoking in the house, driving with children on board and in the open
areas as to keep up with a developing country to create a healthy lifestyle
surroundings. To achieve a more harmony and peaceful country, a minority such
as smokers should respect and be tolerable when it comes to a situation
involving the risk of one’s health. This is because; a good health is the best
wealth. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">- by Mirza & Wani</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-30128143893291452852018-12-24T22:51:00.002+08:002018-12-24T22:51:25.130+08:00EVALUATIVE COMMENTARY 3 - CAN CELLPHONES BE EDUCATIONAL TOOLS?<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">CAN CELLPHONES BE
EDUCATIONAL TOOLS?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BRIANNA MEDEL, OCTOBER
3, 2017<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">SOURCE:</span><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>https://highschool.latimes.com/east-los-angeles-renaissance-academy/can-cellphones-be-educational-tools/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This article illustrates that
cellphones can be an educational tool for students because nowadays people are
focusing more on technology and cellphones are the main technology that we use.
The author is very objective about the function of cellphones for educational
purpose. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the start, cellphones can be educational tools because cellphones can add knowledge for students with many
applications that can be installed to learn and they can look up to many sites
in cellphones when doing a research. For instance, students use cellphones to look up to a
definition of a word or use it as a simplest way to check an email because it
is already installed to their phones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Other than that, cellphones can make students’ job easier by opening as many
tasks as possible compared to computers. Opening
tasks on cellphones are easier for the students, with the help of the available
applications that are accessible on phones. Computers also might take time for
students to open. Such
as mathematical, English application or any other searches on google.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Besides that, students would rather finish their assignments at home rather
than in school. They prefer to go home and
do their assignments with a fast connection Wi-Fi than be in school. It is said in the United States by
“Young teens in U.S. use mobile devices for homework’’ article that they are
using their cellphones to do homework. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To all of that, we partially agree
that cellphones can be a good educational tool for students because it will
teach them how to be more creative with the technology nowadays and also
increase their knowledge. However, having a cellphone for students will keep
them distracted with social media that they have such as Twitter and Instagram.
Students can also be distracted with their cellphones when they are searching
for something on Google because of their past tasks in their phones.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-MY" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In conclusion, making cellphone as
an educational tool is really a good thing like helping students to quickly
searching up for words or a case study that they are unsure about but it also
has its bad side. Students need to use it wisely in order to get a good result
from the cellphone itself and if it is for educational purpose then make it as
an educational purpose. Not to take advantage of it in school for
entertainment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
- by Nadhirah & Tasyaiqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-43610164600763733342018-12-24T22:46:00.000+08:002018-12-24T22:52:41.740+08:00EVALUATIVE COMMENTARY 2<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The article illustrates the importance of a powerful
command in the English language. The author is encouraging and advocates its
importance because a powerful command of English ensures our career and the
betterment of Malaysians.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Firstly, students are used to holding back their
opinions. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">This was taught to us Malaysians from a very young age. Although it is
honorable, it is a weakness for a progressing youth. In order to respect our
elderlies and culture, communicating in English is looked down upon in the face
of a culture-based country. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Moreover, many of
our graduates fail to meet the expectations of their employer when it comes to
the command of the English language. The youth needs multiple perspectives with
high content information so that they will be ready to discuss about it. Simon
Sin, the head of Jobstreet mentioned that our youth needs more exposure towards
data and information to speak volumes with content. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Exercising what
they learn will benefit them in the long term. Preparation is a must although
it is for a simple question. In the end, all this will result in a more
confident English user. Even if they attend many talks and seminars that teach
them about job interviews, they would not succeed if they do not implement them
as mentioned by Simon Si.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The author further
highlights that it will improve our education system as a good foundation to
produce more English speakers. A good amount of practice and exposure are all
available in this platform. A statement from Tunku Dara Naquiah states that students
practicing in various ways will help them break out from being timid and
express themselves openly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">We partially agree with the author that a powerful
command of English ensures our career and the betterment of Malaysians,
especially among younger generation. Most of our careers today requires us to
interact in English as it is an international language. However, we risk our
command of our native tongue. This can be supported by Ibrahim Alfarhan (2016)
in American Research Journals saying loss of cultural identity is one of the
major effects from globalization of English. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In conclusion, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">we reaffirm our stand that the author is correct that
students should have a good command in English for their future. Plus, we
firmly believe that a good command of English will contribute to the
development of our nation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">- by Sarah & Syafiq</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<br />iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-61616248886944568472018-12-24T22:43:00.002+08:002018-12-24T22:43:15.520+08:00EVALUATIVE COMMENTARY 1<br />
<div class="WordSection1">
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0.05pt 15.55pt 0.0001pt 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">The article illustrates the growing argument about
banning homework. The author is objective and advocates the reason why we need
to agree on banning homework because homework is a burden for students.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0.05pt 15.55pt 0.0001pt 11pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.0pt; margin-right: 15.55pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Firstly, children lack the time for other activities because
the burden of homework. For children, it would be better to run around during
recess and playing fun activities such as sports. Daniel Tasman, the father of
a second- grader wants to transfer his daughter to another school, said that
children should have homework because he wants his daughter to have discipline
and fulfill her dreams.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.0pt; margin-right: 15.55pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Moreover, homework does not
guarantee positive results. A committee concluded that there is no link
between elementary school homework and success in school organized by a New
York elementary school. One public school in Barrie even noticed that grades
went up after homework was banned. This clearly states that banning homework
will make the grades increase and not drastically drop.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.0pt; margin-right: 15.55pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
The author further stresses that parents are also
annoyed with their children’s unending homework.. Parents are frustrated
helping their children completing mountains of homework. In the last several
years, a movement has emerged in questioning homework. An elementary school in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>Quebec banned homework last year because
homework gives a lot of pressure on students and their<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>parents.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.0pt; margin-right: 15.55pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.0pt;">
We partially agree with the author on homework from
school should be banned, especially for elementary school. Most of the students
that have a lot of homework will not be able to spend their quality times to
release stress and not meeting their development needs. According to The
Journal of Experimental Education in psychologist (2018), when it comes to
stress, more<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
</span>
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than 70 percent of students said they were often stressed over homework,
56 percent said homework as a primary stressor and less than 1 percent said
homework was not a stressor. This statement proves that too much homework will
lead to negative consequences in mental health which is stress.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: #191919;">In conclusion, we reaffirm
our stand that we agree with the author for the banning of homework.
Nevertheless, we firmly believe that homework should also be preserved but in
their own limitation in order to stabilize the flexibility students time.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: #191919;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 48px;">- by Khadijah & Puti Ilyia</span></div>
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iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-35778910367010082702018-12-24T22:16:00.001+08:002018-12-24T22:16:10.785+08:00ETIKA DALAM PROSES KOMUNIKASI DAN TABAYYUN<br />
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menurut S.
Salahudin (2007), pengertian komunikasi menurut Islam ialah proses dalam
menyampaikan utusan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kepada seseorang
atau masyarakat untuk dijadikan milik bersama tentang maklumat, pengetahuan,
kemahiran , sikap dan kepercayaan berlandaskan syariat Islam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Asas-asas dan prinsip berkomunikasi yang
ditunjukkan oleh Rasulullah SAW telah dijadikan sebagai panduan oleh para
ilmuan dalam membentuk sebuah model komunikasi Islam yang berkesan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Antara etika
yang penting dalam proses komunikasi berkesan menurut Islam adalah Qaulan
Sadida. Qaulan Sadida bermaksud percakapan yang benar, jujur, lurus dan tidak
menambah atau mengurangi isi berita. Ucapan yang benar ialah ucapan yang sesuai
dengan al-Quran, al- Sunnah dan ilmu. Kehebatan baginda Rasulullah SAW berhujah
dengan benar telah berjaya menyelesaikan pelbagai masalah ketika zaman
pemerintahannya. Sebagai contoh, Nabi Muhammad juga digelar oleh masyarakat
Arab sebagai Al-Amin yang bererti jujur dan amanat hingga beliau diberi
tanggungjawab untuk menghakimi pertengkaran soal kelompok yang berhak
meletakkan Hajar Aswad saat bangunan Ka’bah direnovasi akibat banjir besar.
Dakwah yang dibawakan akan diterima orang ramai jika seseorang itu sentiasa
berkata benar dalam pertuturan. Hal ini membolehkan komunikasi yang dijalankan
berkesan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pengertian
tabayyun adalah melakukan penelitian atau siasatan dan merupakan salah satu
prinsip dalam komunikasi islam. Yaitu suatu kegiatan yang berupaya mendalami
dan memecahkan suatu persoalan dengan menggunakan metode ilmu pengetahuan.
Menyiasat sesuatu perkara adalah amat penting bagi penghantar dan juga penerima
sesuatu maklumat. Bagi seorang pemberitahu atau penghantar maklumat, mereka
perlulah memastikan mesej yang ingin disampaikan adalah mematuhi syariah dan
mengajak kepada kebaikan selari dengan konsep tabbayun dimana seseorang
penghantar maklumat perlulah menyiasat dan meneliti kandungan maklumat yang
ingin disampaikan, samada berfaedah ataupun tidak.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bagi
seseorang penerima maklumat pula, mereka haruslah menyiasat dan meneliti semula
kandungan maklumat yang diterima samada perlu untuk mereka ketahui ataupun
menyiasat tentang kebenaran suatu maklumat tersebut. Hal ini adalah amat
penting agar penerima tidak menerima maklumat yang tidak sahih dan tidak
penting bagi mereka. Perkara ini dapat mencegah dari berlakunya fitnah dan
mampu mengakibatkan suatu hubungan itu terputus. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebagai
kesimpulan, komunikasi menurut Islam adalah kaedah berkomunikasi yang paling
berkesan dan memberi manfaat kepada kita. Bagi memastikan suatu komunikasi itu
mencapai objektif , kita haruslah menuruti semua prinsip dan etika dalam
berkomunikasi. Perkara ini haruslah dipraktikkan dari kecil lagi agar kita
tidak melakukan atau mengatakan sesuatu yang tidak berfaedah dan mempu
menyinggung perasaan orang lain. Tabbayyun juga amatlah penting bagi memelihara
kebenaran sesuatu maklumat dan mengelakkan diri dari terjebak dalam fitnah.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-72235158380319011852018-06-03T13:35:00.001+08:002018-06-03T13:35:22.490+08:00WORKSHEET : PERANAN TAMADUN MELAYU DALAM PEMBINAAN TAMADUN MALAYSIA<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 5.0000; text-align: justify; text-indent: 60.0000pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Masyarakat Melayu merupakan masyarakat yang terbesar dalam menyumbang ke arah kelangsungan tamadun Malaysia. Peranannya dapat dilihat dalam Pembinaan Negara Bangsa, Pandangan Semesta Melayu Islam, dan Peradaban dan Budaya Melayu.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pertama, n</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">egara adalah suatu masyarakat yang menduduki kawasan tertentu dan diperintah oleh sebuah kerajaan. Bangsa pula merujuk kepada kumpulan manusia dalam satu ikatan negara. Negara bangsa pula merupakan masyarakat pelbagai etnik, agama dan budaya mengamalkan sikap persefahaman dan toleransi dalam suasana yang harmoni. Orang Melayu perlu mengambilkira peranan penting kaum-kaum lain. Bahasa Melayu harus terus menjadi wahana budaya dan sebagai penyalur kebudayaan kebangsaan Malaysia.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Kedua, t</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">amadun Melayu adalah pemangkin kepada pembentukan pandangan semesta Malaysia berasaskan ajaran Islam. Tamadun Melayu Islam pada asasnya telah dibina di atas enam dasar pandangan semesta iaitu Islam Agama Wahyu, Allah Sebagai Pencipta, Konsep Pembalasan, Mementingkan Nilai, Konsep Kesederhanaan dan Konsep Akauntabiliti.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Ketiga, p</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">eranan budaya Melayu amat penting dalam usaha kelangsungan tamadun Malaysia. Budaya dan peradaban Melayu pemangkin kepada tamadun Malaysia jika mengamalkan ciri-ciri seperti Masyarakat yang Berilmu, Kekuatan Ekonomi dan Pengurusan Harta, Masyarakat Penyayang dan Toleransi.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-24599236542277284802018-05-27T22:13:00.002+08:002018-05-27T22:13:32.738+08:00WORKSHEET : NEWS CONFERENCE DIALOGUE ABOUT ARCHITECTURE ELC121NEWS CONFERENCE ABOUT ARCHITECTURE<br />
by Iqmar, Farah, Puti and Khadijah<br />
<br />
Architect KD : Assalamualaikum, I'm the head of architect KAHFAH ARCHITECTURE WORLD. We invite all of you today to present for our next project for the new office in Kuala Lumpur. So this is the look of our new office building. And, basically this is only the draft.<br />
<br />
Architect Farah : So now the question session, journalist can ask any question about our new plan.<br />
<br />
Journalist Puti : Hello, my name is Puti Iylia Maisarah. I'm the representative from the newspaper company, In Today's News. So we know that the tall of this building is 12 floors and it is 68.1 meters. This building also consume energy average 1.4 billion Btu a year. I want to ask you about the parking lot in this building? the capacity, how many cars can fit in one single time?<br />
<br />
Architect Farah : Ok thank you for the question. The parking lot is at the basement and it only can fit for hundred cars. Next...<br />
<br />
Journalist Iqmar : Hello, My name is Iqmar Bin Abdullah and I'm from the magazine company, Our Business. We are interested to know about the interior uses of the building and the interior design. what kind of theme you choose for all the rooms and floors?<br />
<br />
Architect KD : We collaborate with IKEA and we got a sponsorship from them. In addition, used furniture will be comfortable to all our employees. Therefore, colors we choose which are grey and yellow for this building was keeping up in 2017 and we want citizens to recognize our company building as an image different from the other buildings.<br />
<br />
Journalist Puti : This building is in the middle of the city right? so can you tell us the advantage about the location. and how about the neighborhood, how it can attract many people to get involved with this company. <br />
<br />
Architect Farah : Our bussiness's location is key to successful operations and overall growth. When choosing our location, we consider company needs, customers, empoyees and equipment needed to complete the services. Besides, it also can create employment opportunities for the people. Our company close to KTM and LRT station, bus station, supermarket and a lot of building and skyscrapper.<br />
<br />
Journalist Puti : What are current trends in architecture?<br />
Architect KD : the need of the hour is Sustainable Architecture which is<br />
1. Green roofs or green techniques<br />
2. Energy conservation<br />
3. Light and modern materials for roofs<br />
4. Vertical farming<br />
<br />
Journalist Iqmar : As you said before, the current trends in architecture is green roof which is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. So we want to know if this building include this eco-friendly landscape or not?<br />
<br />
Architect Farah : Yes we do. Greenhouse or our rooftop park that we had only allowed to enter during office hours. Apart from workers, we also open to everyone to visit our greenhouse.<br />
<br />
Journalist Puti : and talk about the landscaping, we want to know more about it? can you explain?<br />
<br />
Architect Farah : Our building should have eco-friendly because we attach great importance to the health of workers. In addition, it is also to prevent the depletion of the ozone layer because the city is getting a lot of tall buildings.<br />
<br />
Journalist Iqmar : So, as we see the capasity of parking lot is not that much. so how about the rest of the employee?<br />
<br />
Architect KD : The rest of the staffs have to park their cars at the outside of the building.<br />
<br />
Journalist Puti : Okey, and how about the prayer room? how many person can fit in one time for praying?<br />
<br />
Architect Farah : The prayer room is on the third floor and it's only can fit in 20 person in one time. Our building is near with the city mosque, so it's easy for our employee.<br />
<br />
Journalist Iqmar : So we think that's all. I'm the behalf of the journalist want to thanks this company for inviting us.<br />
<br />
Architect KD: We also want to thanks all the journalist for coming today and hoping the journalist can write good article about our new project. Thanks!<br />
<div>
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iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-82241638717873968442018-05-27T20:25:00.001+08:002018-05-27T22:22:03.826+08:00WORKSHEET : EMBRACE OUR SKIN COLOUR<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">3 </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">REASONS WHY WE SHOULD EMBRACE OUR SKIN COLOUR </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">Sometimes staying true to who you are and what you look like is what makes you even more attractive. The most important reason as to why you should embrace your morena skin is because you should embrace all that you are. Learn to love the skin that you are in and you will live a happier life because only by loving yourself truly will only bring out your natural beauty further.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">Next, bright colour attire are your best friends now. No one seems to have the courage to wear bright colors nowadays. Everyone always wear black, white, gray which is honestly dull at times. Luckily for this, bright colors complement their skin tone. We assure you that you will always look crazy good when you invest in a colorful wardrobe.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">You also don’t need to bask under the sun for a tan. Some people seriously love a good tan which is why some take the time to be under the sun to get the skin tone that they want. Now put that whitening cream down and love the tan skin you are naturally blessed with.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">3 </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">SATISFACTION BY EMBRACING OUR SKIN COLOUR</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">It is time to turn things around and finally celebrate our God-given beauty. What we really need to do is step back and take the time to really appreciate our very existence. Embrace your individuality because you are loved for being you. You should love yourself and be grateful for the same reason too.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">Self-esteem is a confidence and satisfaction in oneself. By embracing our skin colour, it can lift up our confidence and self-esteem to do anything in life. It is up to the individual to decide how much belief that they possess inside of themselves.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;">Dewy or glowy makeup also looks good on you. One word: highlighter. And no, this is not the marker you use for reviewing your notes. It's the makeup product you use to make your skin look glowing and radiant. The best thing about that, the glow is more prominent compared to fairer skin tones.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-25825891102439237562018-05-27T20:21:00.001+08:002018-05-27T22:23:53.493+08:00WORKSHEET : MASS MED COM167 TERMINOLOGY<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. Copyright : </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A legal right that grants to the owner of a work protection against unauthorized copying.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. Broadcasting : Using wireless technology to instantaneous reach a wide audience.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. Morse Code : Telegraph code of dots and dashes invented by Samuel Morse.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. Channel Allocation : The placement of assigned spots on the electromagnetic spectrum to individual broadcast stations.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">5. Videotext : An experimental system for delivering electronic newspapers to homes via television sets.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">6. Domain : The portion of an Internet address that identities the network that handles the account. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">7. Lobbying : Any attempt to influence the voting of legislators. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">8. Exclusive : A story granted to just one news outlet.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">9. Corporate aids : Community relations activity in which a company helps society on a large scale.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">10. Pitching account : Presenting new ideas for ad campaigns to a prospective client.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">11. Stereophonic sound : Recording technique in which tracks are placed individually.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">12. Compact discs : Plastic discs with digitally encoded music or speech read by lasers.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">13. Residual news : Stories about events that are recurrent of long-lasting. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">14. Credibility gap : The difference between what a government says and what the public believes to be true.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">15. Streaming : Sending live video and audio over online applications.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">16. Stringers : Independent journalists who are paid only for material used. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">17. Video news release (VNR) : A ready-to-broadcast videotape designed for use in television news.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">18. Puffery : Exaggeration in advertising claims.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">19. Target marketing : The process of breaking up the advertising audience into diverse segments to reach those individuals most likely to purchase a particular product.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">20. Pitching Account : Presenting new ideas for ad campaigns to a prospective client.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">21. Media buyers : Advertising agency personnel who purchase ad time and space. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">22. Trial balloons : Leaks in which the source reveals that some action is being considered, in order to rest public feeling about the action before going ahead with it. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">23. Public relations : All the activities that maintain a beneficial relationship between an organization and it is various public.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">24. Hypertext links : Highlighted words and images within a web page that allow the user to move to another site by pointing and clicking a mouse button. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">25. Protocols : Software codes that enable one computer to communicate with another.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">26. Must Carry Rules : FCC regulations that require cable systems to carry all local television stations within the system’s area of coverage. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">27. Video on demand : Services that allow subscribers to order recent feature films, sporting events, concerts, news items, and special events at any time; television clips that users can access whenever they want.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">28. Soundscan : A point-of-sale computer system that determines sales for best-selling records lists. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-58529269625852254342018-05-27T20:05:00.005+08:002018-05-27T22:24:08.794+08:00WORKSHEET : COMMUNICATION THEORIES<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Expectancy Violation Theory</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Assumption – people make predictions about nonverbal behavior. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Territoriality – person’s ownership of an area or objec</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">t.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Personal distance - spatial zone of 18 inches to 4 feet, reserved for family and friends.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Arousal - increased or attention when deviations from expectations occur.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">5. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Interactional expectations - an individual’s ability to carry out the interaction.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Social Exchange Theory</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Dispositional matrix – the beliefs you have about relationships</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Behavioral</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Sequence – a series of actions designed to achieve a goal</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Outcome – whether people continue in a relationship or terminate it</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Uncertainty Reduction Theory</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Reactivity searching – a passive strategy involving watching a person doing something</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Disinhabition searching – a passive strategy involving watching a person’s natural or uninhabited behaviour in an informal environment. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Relational uncertainty – a lack of certainty about the future and status of a relationship</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Uncertainty avoidance – an attempt to avoid ambiguous situations</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Social Penetration theory </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Social penetration – process of bonding that moves a relationship from superficial to more intimate.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Orientation stage – stage of social penetration that includes revealing small parts of ourselves</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Personal idioms – private, intimate, expressions stated in a relationship</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Group think</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Task-oriented groups – sets of individuals whose main goal is to work toward completing jobs assigned to them</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Problem solving group – sets of individuals whose main task is to make decisions and provide policy recommendations.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Concurrence seeking – efforts to search out group consensus</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Illusion of invulnerability – belief that the group is special enough to overcome obstacles.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">5. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Belief in the inherent morality of the group – assumption that one group members are thoughtful and good; therefore, the decisions they make will be good.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">6. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Closed-mindedness – a group’s willingness to ignore differences in people and warnings about poor group decisions.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">7. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Out-group stereotypes – stereotyped perceptions of group enemies or competitors.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">8. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Collective rationalization – situation in which group members ignore warnings about their decisions. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">9. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pressures on dissenters – direct influence on group members who provide thoughts contrary to the group’s.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">10. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Whistle-blowing – process in which individuals report unethical or illegal behaviors or practices to others. Conscientious objectors – Group members who refuse to participate because it would violate personal conscience</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">6. Symbolic Interaction Theory</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Self-fulfillng prophecy - a prediction about yourself causing you to behave in such a way that it comes true. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Looking-glass self - our ability to see ourselves as another sees us.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pygmalion effect - living up to or down to another expectations of us.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Role taking - the ability to put oneself in another’s place.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">7. Spiral of silence theory</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Public opinion - attitudes and behaviors expressed in public in order to avoid isolation.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Quasi-statistical sense - Personal estimation of the strength of opposing sides on a public issue.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pluralistic ignorance - mistaken observation of how most people feel. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">4. </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Hard core - group(s) at the end of the spiral willing to speak out at any cost</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-42083207002432438722018-05-27T20:03:00.002+08:002018-05-27T20:03:34.353+08:00FLIPPED (2010) MOVIE SYNOPSIS<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In 1957, when second-graders Bryce Loski and Julianna "Juli" Baker first meet, Juli knows it's love, but Bryce isn't so sure, and tries to avoid Juli. By the eighth grade, in 1963, Bryce tries to get rid of Juli by dating Sherry Stalls, whom Juli despises. Bryce's best friend, Garrett, takes an interest in Sherry and tells her the truth about Bryce asking her out; she doesn't take it well.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">From Juli's perspective, Bryce returned her feelings, but was shy. After finding out Bryce and Sherry broke up, she thought she could have Bryce back.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">In 1963, Bryce's grandfather Chet Duncan moves in with the family. Chet has different views about Juli. There's a large, old </span><span class="15" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">sycamore</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> tree that Juli loves which no one understands. One day, it's cut down by a group of landscapers so a house can be built there, despite Juli's opposition. She becomes very depressed afterwards, as the tree let her see the world in a more enlightened way. Her father gives her a painting of the tree.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Chet gets to know Juli while helping her work on her lawn. Bryce begins to develop feelings for Juli, who begins to have mixed feelings about him. When Juli finds out that Bryce has been throwing away the eggs she offered his family right under her nose, out of fear of [salmonella], she feels hurt and starts avoiding him.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">After visiting her disabled uncle Daniel, Juli overhears Bryce supporting Garrett's badmouthing of him, which causes her to stop having any interest in him. When the Bakers are invited to the Loskis' for dinner, Juli confronts Bryce about what he said. During dinner, they sit opposite each other; she doesn't talk to Bryce or make eye contact with him. After dinner, she apologizes for her behavior. Bryce is confused and sad that she apologizes, because it means she doesn't care enough to hold a grudge.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">As the basket boy auction approaches, Juli hears that Sherry is planning to bid on Bryce against Melanie. Bryce thinks that Juli intends to bid on him because he hears that she has a wad of cash. Bryce worries about what will happen if she tries to bid on him, but she bids on Eddie Trulock out of sympathy as nobody was bidding for him.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">During the basket boy lunch, Bryce and Sherry sit at a table across from Juli and Eddie. He sees she's having a good time with her date and gets jealous. He grabs her and attempts to kiss her, publicly humiliating her. He chases after her she dodges his kiss. Juli gets on her bike and cycles home. Garrett yells at Bryce, and they end their friendship after an argument.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bryce tries to talk to Juli even though she wants to be left alone. Two days later, Bryce plants a sapling sycamore tree in Juli's front yard to show her how he feels. When Juli sees the sycamore, she goes out to help him. As they plant the tree, Bryce puts his hand on Juli's, and they share loving smiles.</span></div>
iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-38676333124188615422017-12-30T22:57:00.001+08:002018-05-27T22:24:29.629+08:00WORKSHEET : LIB101 SOCIOLOGY TERMINOLOGY<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">1. C</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">lass conflict</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"> - </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">According to Karl Marx (1818–1883), the struggle between the capitalist class (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat).</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">2. </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">Modernization</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"> theory - a version of market-oriented developmental theory that argues that low-income societies develop economically only if they give up their traditional ways and adopt modern economic institutions, technologies, and cultural values that emphasize savings and productive investment. </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">3. Stereotype - oversimplified image applied to a category of people</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">4. Kinship - refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage or adoption. </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">5. Health - World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">6. Pay gap – the disparity between women’s and men’s earning.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">7. Absolute poverty - absence of enough money to secure lifes necessities</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">8. Core countries – are dominant capitalist centers characterized by high levels of industrialization and urbanization. Eg: US and Japan.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">9. Race - is a category of people who have been singled out of inferior or superior, often on the basis of real alleged physical characteristics such as skin, color, hair texture, eye shape or other subjectively selected attribute. Eg: Malaysian, Asian American.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">10. Sexism - beliefs attitudes norms and values used to justlify sexual inequality.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">11. Cohabitation - as referring to two people who live together, and think of themselves as a couple, without being legally married. </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;">12. Social epidemiology - is the study of the causes and distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population.</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-32244214495635502362017-10-29T22:28:00.000+08:002017-10-29T22:28:19.104+08:00THE BOY IN THE BOX (CALIFORNIA)<div align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Case name: The Boy in The Box</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Victim name: Anthony Saul Gibbons</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Event type: Death, Child Abuse</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Event date: 3 August 1993</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Event place: Los Angeles, California, United States</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Birth date: 19 Apr 1963</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Birthplace: California</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Gender: Male </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mother’s name: Buchanan</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Long-Sought Box Boy's Dad Arrested Here</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">James Herbert Gibbons, 39, who had been sought by authorities for two years in the notorious “boy in the box” child abuse case, was arrested at about 9 a.m. today in Palm Springs. Gibbons, whose most recent employer was reported to be Haigazian College, Beruit, Lebanon, surrendered himself to deputy sheriffs at the Smoke Tree parking lot. His attorney had notified deputies prior to the arrest that Gibbons would give himself up. He was charged with willful charge abuse, a deputy said. Bail was set at $25,000 in Indio. Gibbons, the boy's mother, Beverly Gibbons, and 10 other persons were accused of imprisoning Anthony Saul Gibbons, age 6, in a wooden box in the open desert near Blythe for 56 days in the summer of 1968, as punishment for setting fire to a building at a commune at which the group was living. Mrs. Gibbons and six others of the accused were convicted; four on felony charges and three on misdemeanors, and three others were acquitted.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">'Box Boy' Tells Tale From Witness Stand</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">INDIO (U P I) -Anthony Saul Gibbons, 6, sitting on a pillow on the witness stand so he could be seen, testified Wednesday he was burned with matches and imprisoned in a packing crate at a desert commune for starting a fire. The small boy was barely audible as he related the events that led to his being chained inside the sweltering box for 56 days during the summer on the farm-commune operated by a cult called Ordi Templar Orientalis. Eleven members of the commune, including the child’s mother, are on trial for felony child abuse. Anthony, now a ward of the court, said his fingers were burned with matches after he started the fire which destroyed a house and injured a group of goats June 20. He testinied he was placed in the packing crate with his legs chained and let oat only to do his “chores.” The boy was questioned repeatedly before he took the oath as defense attorney Keith Blazer attempted to establish if the boy knew what a lie was. The boy said he understood that he would be punished if he told a lie. After Anthony testified the prosecution rested its case.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-88852547245335487882017-09-28T16:03:00.000+08:002017-10-19T22:59:29.876+08:00PRINSIP PENTERJEMAHAN : TAFSIRAN BM - BI 1.0<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
27 september 2017<br />
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1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Perdana Menteri : Prime Minister</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Ibu acuan : Mother mold<o:p></o:p></div>
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3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Gula merah : Brown sugar<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Biawak : Monitor lizard<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Kuning langsat : Mustard<o:p></o:p></div>
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6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Hijau serindit : Electric green<o:p></o:p></div>
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7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Hijau pucuk pisang : Electric green<o:p></o:p></div>
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8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Hutan hujan tropika : Tropical rainforest<o:p></o:p></div>
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9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Nasi lemak : Nasi lemak<o:p></o:p></div>
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10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Gewang selam cetek : Low-diver-lures<o:p></o:p></div>
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11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Lembu betina : Cow<o:p></o:p></div>
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12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Lembu jantan : Bull<o:p></o:p></div>
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13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Anak lembu : Calf, cattle<o:p></o:p></div>
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14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Cetakan pertama : First edition, First copy<o:p></o:p></div>
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15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Tikus mondok : Mole<o:p></o:p></div>
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16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Pukat tunda : Pair trawler<o:p></o:p></div>
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17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Pirus : Turqoise<o:p></o:p></div>
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18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Lunas kapal : Ship blige keel<o:p></o:p></div>
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19.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Masa itu emas : Time is diamond<o:p></o:p></div>
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20.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Sambil menyelam minum air : Kill two bird with one stone<o:p></o:p></div>
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21.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Batu loncatan : springboard<o:p></o:p></div>
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22.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Baju melayu : Baju melayu<o:p></o:p></div>
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23.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Keropok lekor : Keropok lekor<o:p></o:p></div>
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24.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Keropok ubi : Potato cracker/chip<o:p></o:p></div>
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25.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Kelapa sawit : Oil palm<o:p></o:p></div>
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26.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Kemahiran insaniah : Soft skill<o:p></o:p></div>
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27.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Kemahiran teknikal : Hard skill<o:p></o:p></div>
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28.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Salinan lembut : Soft copy<o:p></o:p></div>
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29.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Milky way : Bima sakti<o:p></o:p></div>
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30.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Ayam tambatan : Trump card<br />
31. Masyarakat majmuk/ masyarakat pelbagai kaum atau bangsa : Multicultural society<br />
32. Pakar-pakar industri : Industry players<br />
33. Sebaran dari mulut ke mulut : Word of mouth<br />
34. Ucapan selamat tinggal : Bidding farewell<br />
35. Benua/ wilayah : Continents<br />
36. Putih melepak : Milky white<br />
37. Beban kerja : Work load<br />
38. Buta huruf : Illiterate<br />
39. Biru laut : Navy blue<br />
40. Hulubalang : Warlord, general, commander, warrior<br />
41. Takat didih air : Boiling point of water<br />
42. Bapa borek, anak rintik : Like father, like son<br />
43. Berat hati : Heavy-hearted<br />
44. Biru gelap : <span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Dark blue </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><br />
45. Pendamkannya : Keep it to yourself<br />
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iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4406064140520647367.post-36278921301318312692017-09-28T15:19:00.000+08:002017-09-28T15:19:16.763+08:00PRINSIP PENTERJEMAHAN : KELAYAKAN PENTERJEMAH<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><b>Kelayakan Penterjemah</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><b> i. Mengetahui bahasa sumber </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Bahasa sumber ialah bahasa asal yang akan diterjemah ke dalam bahasa kedua. Pengetahuan dalam bahasa sumber mestilah mendalam. Seseorang itu harus mengetahui selok bahasa, keistimewaan dan keganjilan bahasa itu supaya dia memahami makna terkandung dalam teks asal. Dengan itu, barulah dia dapat membuat terjemahan dengan tepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><b>ii. Mengetahui bahasa penerima</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Bahasa penerima ialah bahasa yang akan diterjemahkan daripada teks asal. Dengan kata lain, bahasa penerima ialah bahasa kedua. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Mengikut pakar penterjamah, seseorang penterjemah selain menguasai bahasa sumber dengan baik, dia mestilah menguasai bahasa penerima dengan lebih baik lagi. Contohnya seseorang itu menterjemahkan teks daripada bahasa Cina ke dalam bahasa Melayu, penterjemah itu mestilah mengetahui bahasa Melayu lebih baik daripada bahasa Cina, atau sama baik dalam kedua-dua bahasa itu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Penterjemah perlu menguasai bahasa sasaran supaya terjemahan yang dihasilkan menghormati atau sesuai dengan struktur dan tatabahasa bahasa sasaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><b>iii. Pengetahuan dalam bidang yang diterjemah </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Untuk memastikan agar makna atau maklumat dalam teks asal dapat diterjemahkan dengan tepat ke dalam bahasa penerima, seseorang penterjemah itu perlu mengetahui bidang yang hendak diterjemah itu dengan mendalam. Penguasaan bahasa yang baik tidak mencukupi untuk menjadi penterjemah yang baik, terutama dalam bidang profesional seperti undang-undang, sains, teknologi, falsafah dan karya kesusasteraan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Penterjemah perlu mengetahui dalam bidang yang diterjemahkan supaya konsep saintifik dan teknikal yang ingin disampaikan dalam bahasa sumber dapat dipindahkan dengan baik dalam bahasa sasaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><b>iv. Mengetahui teori dan amalan terjemahan </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Bidang penterjemahan telah melahirkan teori dan kaedah ilmiahnya sendiri. Oleh itu, adalah penting bagi penterjemah melengkapkan diri dengan ilmu pengetahuan dalam teori dan amalan sebelum memulakan kerja penterjemahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Penterjemah perlu mengetahui teori dan amalan penterjemahan supaya penterjemah dapat menggunakan kaedah, teknik dan strategi terjemahan yang sesuai agar terjemahan yang dihasilkan tidak kaku atau berbau terjemahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><b>v. Mengetahui sasaran atau penerima</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Penterjemah perlu memahami dan mengenali sasaran supaya terjemahan yang dilakukan sesuai dengan tahap pemahaman pembaca sasaran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">Sebagai contoh golongan sasaran atau penerima ialah kanak-kanak, bangsa melayu atau penduduk Malaysia. Jika sesuatu teks itu diterjemah dengan penterjemahan formal dan terlalu intelektual maka golongan kanak-kanak sukar atau tidak dapat memahami mesej yang ingin disampaikan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"><b>vi. Mempunyai ketelusan dan integriti</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Penterjemah perlu telus dan berintegriti supaya penterjemahan yang dilakukan tidak mempunyai unsur unsur tokok tambah atau pengurangan atau perubahan yang menyimpang jauh daripada ideologi yang disampaikan dalam bahasa sumber.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Selain enam syarat di atas, terdapat satu perkara yang harus dimiliki oleh seseorang penterjemah. Sebagai manusia, penterjemah mempunyai perasaan, pendirian, nilai, dan sikap tertentu. Perkara ini menyebabkan penterjemah itu dipengaruhi oleh pandnagan tersebut semasa melakukan penterjemahan. Dia mungkin mempunyai pendapat yang berlawanan dengan pengarang, atau dia mungkin bersetuju dengan idea pengarang, tetapi tidak menyukai cara pengarang itu menyampaikan idea tersebut. Persamaan atau perbezaan pendapat antara pengarang dan penterjemah mungkin terbawa-bawa dalam tugas terjemahan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Namun begitu, penterjemah tidak harus membiarkan sikap sendiri mempengaruhi terjemahannya. Dia mestilah cuba sedaya upaya untuk mengelakkan diri daripada melakukan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan maksud asal pengarang, sebaliknya cuba mengekalkan maksud asal dan pendirian pengarang. Dengan itu, barulah penterjemah itu melakukan terjemahan dengan baik</span></div>
iqmar effendyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12262139598089042128noreply@blogger.com0